Research Paper

The Interrelations of Self Harm and Sexual Orientation

A Research Paper Presented to

The English Resource Center

School of Multimedia and Arts

Asia Pacific College

Magallanes, Makati

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Course

ERESWRT-Research

Benedict Kyle S. Almadin

August 2014

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the study

Self Harming is going viral in today's society. The percentage of self harming teenagers went three times higher than the last decade. According to this article by Lorenza Bacino entitled Shock figures show extent of self-harm in English teenagers in theguardian.com, the World Health Organization (WHO) conducted a survey around 6,000 15+ year-olds in over 41 schools across the UK and found out that 6.9% of them had self harmed over the past year which put the figures to 20% of the teenagers appear to be self harming. 


Ms. Bacino also wrote that, "young people are turning to strategies such as self-harm to manage stress in the short term" (http://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/may/21/shock-figures-self-harm-england-teenagers). The society today is much more different than before. As much as the technological advancements makes the people's lives easier, it also kind of make the world evolve and turn into something more competitive and challenging.


Self Harming seems to become a trend in the generation of teenagers today. There are a number of self harm websites sprouting here and there. Self harm websites are are websites that are quite popular on people who self harm. They can be blogs, forums, groups or group chats. One popular self harm website is called Tumblr. One of the most controversial self harm cases that went viral over the internet was of Tallulah Wilson's. According to this article by Jemima Owen entitled The internet didn't kill Tallulah Wilson, but nor did it do much to help her also from website theguardian.com. She raised controversies to the blogging website Tumblr. Articles often described her as this beautiful, talented, and privileged young lady. Especially regarding to her exceptional gift for Ballet. According to Tallulah's mother she was addicted to tumblr. She would spend hours and hours blogging about her alter ego as a wild cocaine-snorting drinker. Her mother saw pictures of Tallulah posted on her blog wherein she pulls her hair out of rage and doing sorts of stuff to harm herself. When she discovered her blog and saw this concerning pictures she banned her from it and contacted tumblr to bring it down. Tallulah became depressed when she lost her blog along with her 18,000 followers that she claims to "like me for who I am" she then took her life on the tracks at St. Pancras Station in October 2012. This made tumblr ban and remove pages promoting self harm or posts with triggering content. 


"Young people are more likely to move away from the negative seduction of these sites if they find real companionship and non-judgmental understanding. That is why it is so important to talk openly, to raise awareness in schools and at home, and to support families seeking help." (http://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jan/25/internet-tallulah-wilson-websites-teenage-suicides). This was written by Ms. Owen in the latter part of her article and this should serve an awareness for people who does not take self harming seriously.

What people doesn't know is that a large percentage of self harming teens are mostly homosexuals. A study was made and it turns out a large percentage of self harmers are part of the LGBT community.

We need to study this to learn the interrelations of self harming and sexual orientation as to know why the LGBT community are more prone to hurting themselves.


The purpose of this paper is to learn the factors that contribute to the prevalence of self harming among the teenage homosexuals, to know the interrelations between self harming and sexual orientation.


B. Statement of the Problem

This study aims to answer the question:

1. What are the factors that contribute to the prevalence of self harm among the LGBT Youth?


C. Significance of the Study

Society-  This research paper aims to inform the society about the alarming concerns about the LGBT youth. This can make people understand that the LGBT youth are not different from everybody else and deserves to be treated equally with mutual respect.


LGBT Youth- This research paper aims to benefit the LGBT Youth for them to be understood and be taken care of and to lower the statistics of them self harming and attempting suicide.


Future Researchers- This study is beneficial to future researchers for them to have sources since this topic is sensitive, crucial and not being talked about in the society.


D. Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on the the factors that contribute the prevalence among the teenage homosexuals and how are they interrelated. It may take course but will not focus on the issues on the LGBT community i.e. homophobia, hate crimes, same sex marriage, etc...


E. Materials and Methods 

The information, statistics and surveys relevant to this study are gathered from various references through online sources. The researcher used this sources to gather facts and information to inform the society of the prevalence of self harm among teenage homosexuals.

This study will provide evidence such as statistics and research among the self harm that was prevalent on the LGBT youth.


F. Definition of Terms 

1. Self Harming-  is an act of intentional and direct injuring of ones own body tissues most often done with suicidal attempts or intentions.
2. LGBT Community/Homosexual Youth- pertains to the people who belong to the LGBT community namely: Lesbians, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual and other sexuality that belongs to the gender spectrum.
3. Heterosexual Youth- pertains to the people who are not part of the LGBT community and is attracted to a person of the opposite sex and born cishet or a person who identifies with the sex assigned to it by birth or non-transexuals.

Blog post 9: Self Harm and Autism

Self Injurious Behavior (SIB) are displayed by individuals with autism and intellectual disabilities. This kind of behavior includes repetitive physical harming to one's own body. I was genuinely intrigued by this new added information that self harming cannot only function as a way to cope with stress or a way to pleasure one's self (masochism) but also as a biological disability or illness.

I have read this article entitled Introduction to Self-Injurious Behavior by Gary Heffner. He enlisted some typical forms of Self Injurious behaviors an autistic child or adult may engage in namely: hitting oneself with hands or other body parts, head banging, biting oneself, picking at skin or sores, and scratching or rubbing oneself  repeatedly. However, he said the cause of self injurious behaviors remains a mystery just like autism. The possible causes can be chemical imbalance, sinus problems, head aches, attention-seeking, seizures, ear infection, frustration, seeking sensory stimulation/input, sound sensitivity, and/or to escape or avoid a task. He also said that less noticeable self harm may be more dangerous than explicit self injuries. Bleeding wounds or bruises are going to heal when given treatment but repetitive behaviors such as lightly  banging the head or rubbing the skin can have serious even life-threatening consequences over time. 

One important passage written by Mr. Heffner is, "The danger of repetitive rubbing or tapping can also cause tissue damage over time and, if the head is involved, may even cause brain damage over many years. The point is, all forms of self-injurious behavior should be treated as soon as it is noticed" If you notice a relative or even a friend of yours who likes to engage on such activities that hurts or injures them self, you should inform their parents or a counselor or anyone who can be knowledgeable for these kind of things.

I have also researched about how you should treat or cure a person who exhibits self injurious behavior due to autism. I came to find this article by Dr. Stephen Edelson entitled Understanding and Treating Self Injurious Behavior, the first step is the Functional Analysis. In Functional Analysis, you should obtain the information on how the person who exhibits self injurious behavior harms himself. You should also analyze and assess the possible Psychological causes on why the self harmer harms them self whether it is from biochemical, seizures, genetic, arousal, pain, sensory, and/or frustration; Or Social causes such as: communication, social attention, obtained tangibles, and/or avoidance or escape. 

I would like to quote this vital statement written by Dr. Edelson, "It is important to understand that there are different reasons why individuals engage in self-injurious behavior...Research has also shown that aversives may reduce or eliminate self-injurious behavior by training the person to inhibit his/her behavior." For parents who saw self injurious behaviors on their child do not worry. Training your child not to harm himself/herself should do the trick preventing them not to bite their hands or giving them a toy for distraction may help. If their behavior still persisted, it is better to consult a doctor who has in depth knowledge about self injurious behaviors.

Blog Post 8: Religious Self Harming

Religion? Self Harming? You are probably wondering what's the connection between self harming and religion. I was too, until I have researched about it. Religious Self Harming or as they like to call it Self Flagellation is an act of hurting one's self as a form religious ritual. Many of us recognize self flagellation (in Philippine History) as the "Penitensya" or Penitence often done during the Lenten Season to commemorate such christian values and history of faith and sacrifice. Let us take an overview to Religious Self Harming.



According to this article entitled No pain, No gain: A brief look at religious self flagellation by Mark Griffiths, Religious Self Flagellation is a voluntary mortification of one's self and offering the pain or discomfort to God. It has been endorsed by the Popes as a way of following Christ, who suffered and died in a bloody crucifixion. It is done for symbolic purposes during penitential processions to remind devout believers that Jesus Christ was whipped before he was crucified. Some even engage in "Passion Plays" where people reenact the painful scenes and practices of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.  The purpose of penitence according to the Brotherhood of Canindenziho is to Purify their soul and redeem them on unholy acts , such as women and alcohol, as a step closer to God, and Thank God for granting them graces they previously petitioned. Usually, the procedure of self flagellation goes like this: the selected penitents take their shirts off at once and hit their backs with razor blades attached to the end of string relentlessly for  an excruciating 20 minutes. Children from age 10 and up can also participate in the ritual. However, women on the contrary cannot because they are already believed to be 'sufferers'. After the self flagellation, the penitents put their shirts back on as if nothing had happened and go home to cleanse their wounds.  

Mr. Griffiths' latter words on the article was, "During my research for this article, I came across numerous academic papers that noted religious and cultural factors may influence self-harm but none of these papers indicated how prevalent religious self-harm was (but I am assuming it was rare given the lack of statistics). Given that we know little about the incidence or prevalence of such behaviour, this is certainly an area worthy of further academic research." I agree on this statement he wrote. I personally think that self flagellation or religious self harming, though done with religious beliefs and virtue is not right. The price have been paid. Jesus Christ himself suffered on the cross for his believers not to. I think it is a form of blasphemy to God when they hurt them self because he personally gave his son's life for the humanity not to suffer and yet they are doing it to themselves again.

Furthermore, I have read this article by Kieran Mccartan entitled Why do some Catholics self-flagellate?. It says here that Self Flagellation is a widespread symbolic practice in some parts of the Catholic Ministry up to the 1960's but is uncommon today. But in some countries like the Philippines, it is called the Passion Play wherein as I said, in my previous article is a public reenactment of the suffering of Jesus Christ. For others, it is a more private expression of faith. It is thought to have come to prominence in Western Europe around 600-800 AD as an extreme version of bodily penance according to a catholic theologian at Durham University.Early Christians believed that in doing self flagellation, they can control their emotions in order to fully worship God. 

Its also says here that, the late Pope John Paul II did also self-flagellate according to his nun who helped to look after him at his summer residence in Castel Gandolfo near Rome. However, the revelation didn't surprise the catholic scholars for the pope is a firm believer of the New Testament tradition of suffering.

I would like to quote what Mr. Mccartan have written about as to why self flagellation seems to have disappeared, "Early Christians thought the body was evil and needed to be controlled. Quite simply, we now have a greater understanding that such practices are not healthy." I cannot agree more to this statement. I have no intention to break or disagree on anyone's religious belief or virtue but in my opinion no one should feel that they should carry the burden of being a sinner and need to be punished because the son of God already paid for that price.

Blog post 7: Self harm and Masochism (BDSM)

Masochism is the pleasure or enjoyment that someone gets when being hurt or humiliated especially when done sexually. One of the most common ways of masochism is BDSM. BDSM  is a variety of erotic practices involving Bondage and Discipline (BD), Dominance and Submission (DS), Sadism and Masochism or Sadomasochism (SM), and other types of sexual play. These undoubtedly, however performed usually with a partner, is a form of self harming. 

According to this article that I have read by Michael Castleman entitled A loving introduction to BDSM, BDSM isn't abusive its about trust and communication. There are several types of BDSM: power-play or domination and submission which involves one lover has control or dominates the other, sadomasochism which involves spanking, flogging and other types of intense sensation, and bondage discipline which involves restraint. 

Ancient Greek Art showed signs of BDSM. The Kama Sutra (300AD) involved erotic spanking. However, BDSM gained popularity in the 18th Century when some European brothels began specializing in restraint, flagellation, and "punishments" that was done by dominant women to submissive men. 
In 1791, French Marquis de Sade published the first SM novel called Justine, which involved spanking, flogging, nipple clamping, whipping, and restraints. His name inspired the word "Sadism". He was then imprisoned for criminal insanity for many people deemed that the sexual practices he popularized are crazy.
In 1870, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, published his novel called Venus in Furs, about male sexual submission. His name inspired the word "Masochism".
In 1905, Freud coined the word "Sadomasochism, calling its enjoyment neurotic.

I would like to quote what Mr. Castleman have written, "BDSM is never abusive. It's always consensual, Abuse is not." This is a very important statement especially to those who are into BDSM for it clarifies the stigma that lovers who practise BDSM are abusing each other. 

I have read this article entitled, Love Hurts: Sadomasochism's Dangers by Russel Goldman. It is about this Canadian College Professor who spent 3 days in coma after losing consciousness in a New York Sex Club where he was left alone with a dog collar around his neck and a leather hood on his face. The man was identified by the New York Post as Robert Benjamin, 67 years old. He passed out in a club called Nutcracker Suite when his foot turned blue after the high-heeled shoe he was wearing fell off and the oxygen flow to his brain was cut off while his arms was restrained and hanged. He was rushed to the hospital and awoke after 3 days of coma. He then promised to his wife that he will never engage to dangerous sex again. Another case of extreme dangerous sex happened to Adrian Exley, a British national, whom suffocated to death in a closet in Rhode Island by Gary LeBlanc a man he met online. Exley was found wrapped in a heavy plastic bound with duct tape and a leather hood over his head. The two men didn't expected that to happen although they both consented to the sex act. Later, LeBlanc committed suicide according to The Associated Press.

I would like to quote what Mr. Goldman have written, "But sadomasochism is difficult to define. Some practitioners engaging in highly dramatized "play" that has more to do with theater than pain, while others look to be severely tortured..." BDSM can sometimes be dangerous and my only advice to people who practise it is to be extra more careful for too much of a something can be very unhealthy or even fatal.

Blog post 6: Self Harm and Bullying

According to Wikipedia, Bullying is the use of force, threat, or coercion to abuse, intimidate, or aggressively impose domination over others. It consists of four basic types of abuse – emotional , verbal, physical, and cyber. It typically involves subtle methods of coercion such as intimidation. So ask yourself, Have you ever been bullied? Ever bullied someone? Well, I hope you haven't because being bullied raises the risks of self harming.

According to the survey in this article that I have read entitled Self-harm 'motivated primarily by bullying' by Michael Buchanan, the main reason why young people self harm is because of being bullied. It was polled online by 4 major self harm support groups in the world wide web namely: Self-Harm.co.uk, ChildLine, Youth Net and Young Minds. The survey divided the reasons why young people self harm into 5 categories: Bullying (25%), Family Relationships (17%), Pressure to do well at school (14%), Emotional Abuse (11%), and Friendships (11%). The author also cited 2 reasons on why bullying leads to self harming. One is Venting Frustration. After years of being bullied 16-year old Chloe can relate to the findings. She said, "You just get to a point where you need to do something about it, and its just a way of venting your frustration. I was thinking, 'If you can hurt me on the inside, why can't I hurt myself on the outside?' ". She also said that it was like converting or replacing emotional pain to physical pain. Whenever she was having a bad day at school she always find a way to vent her frustrations so usually she just lock herself inside her room and chose not to  associate or interact with anyone. Another reason is the Growing Problems. When we are going through puberty so many things are happening to our body and mind that we can't even keep up. Our hormones affect the way we think the more likely the preteen or the teen agers to be stressed or pressured. Lastly, Mr. Buchanan said that having the courage to seek help is the first step in dealing with your problems. 

I would like to quote what Mr. Buchanan had written, "Self-harm is an expression of how someone is feeling, it's not the problem itself, an expression of a very difficult emotional distress. We've got into the habit of focusing on what young people are doing, cutting or burning, and we're forgetting it's the underlying issue we need to be digging into." Self harm is not the sickness. It is the effects of the major illness itself. The Emotional Distress. I personally think that the more people who understands this the lesser the self harm cases will be in the world. 

For added information, I have read this article entitled Being Bullied Increases Likelihood of Self-Harm written by Rick Nauert. UK researchers from the University of Warwick and University of Bristol discovered that being bullied in primary school increases the risks marginally later in adolescence. They surveyed 5,000 children of the 90's who had been bullied from ages 7-10 years old. The study found that 16.5% of 16-17 year olds had self-harmed and 27% of them are suicidal. That means those who were subjected to bullying over a number of years in primary school were five times more likely to self harm in 6-7 years later in adolescence. 

An important statement written by Mr. Nauert is this,“I’d like to see clinicians routinely asking children about bullying – from name calling to more physical acts of abuse. The importance of this early intervention should not be understated. If we were able to eliminate bullying, while other exposures remained constant, there would be a potential to prevent 20 percent of all self-harm cases.” I think the school clinic should do this. I strongly agree with this idea because as a child I've also experienced being bullied and in children's tiny little heart's perspective it is a very bad,weighing and unpleasant feeling to carry especially when you don't know how to defend yourself or too intimidated to tell your parents or the school disciplinary officer.

Blog Post 5: Perfect Families and Self Harming

What is a perfect family? Three meals a day? Happily married parents? Basically, everything a child can ever dream of having: Food, Shelter, Clothing, Security, Quality Education, Loving Parents etc. But why is that some of the articles that I've read about self harming often the self harmers come from a good or dare I say a "Perfect Family"?

I have read this article about a self harming teen, Sophie, written by her mother Anna Stone entitled Self-harm: why would she cut herself? (not their real names for privacy as this story concerns very intimate and personal matters). It was one of the interesting self harm cases that I have read. One day, Sophie rang up her mom from the other side of London saying that she can't go home by riding the tube(an underground transport system in London) because the cut from her foot was hurting too much so she was asking if she can take the taxi cab home instead. Her mother said Yes immediately of course. When Sophie got home she was clearly looking ill so her mother asked to see how bad the cut from her foot was. Hesitantly, Sophie took off her shoes. Her mother was shocked of how serious the wound was. Her foot is swelling, purplish in color, and she was feverish. They went to the hospital and Sophie was diagnosed to have a cellulitis. It is a bacterial infection so she was put on antibiotic drip in the children's ward. As the nurses undressed her to put the hospital clothes on her she struggled to cover her forearms. Then and there, her mother saw a series of finely cut scars, some were fresh and newly cut, some where fully healed. Sophie told her mother that she allowed her foot to be infected and she wanted to die. Her mother asked her why  did she do that and Sophie described it as a relief from intense pressure like she's burting out of her skin like a sausage under the grill. However, what Sophie's mother cannot understand is that she goes to an all girls' school, she's clever, funny, beautiful and without a care in the world. Apparently, what they hadn't considered is, in a school like Sophie's, competitiveness could apply not only to academic work, looks or popularity but also to self harm. Sophie made friends with the wrong people. At 14 years old she started self harming. Not that peer pressure is the only factor that urged her to self harm but it somewhat encouraged her to do so. Her friends and her compare on who has the multiple scars, deepest cuts, or who had cut themselves just before the start of a lesson in the school toilet etc. Her parents tried talking to her but Sophie refused to do so. Not to her parents, grandparents or godparents. She is also terrified to take anti-depressant pills so they didn't force her. But she did agree to talk to a complete stranger. Her therapist. Slowly and gradually Sophie gained recovery she didn't need the feel to cut herself after receiving a reprimand from her mother nor does her mother  worry that much anymore to find blades or any sharp material that she can use to injure herself. 

An important statement from the article written by Anna Stone is "Cutting is, however, an addiction; another young woman told me that it’s as if there are two worlds, 'the clean, white world everyone else knows, and the secret world of blood and filth underneath' " There is a world that exists only to self harmers but not to us. We must try to understand them and be gentle to them because deep  inside they are such fragile creatures living in this hostile and morbid world.

Another article that I have read is about Tallulah Wilson written by Jemima Owen entitled 
The internet didn't kill Tallulah Wilson, but nor did it do much to help her. She is one of the most famous and viral self harmers that I have read about. She raised controversies to the blogging website Tumblr. Articles often described her as this beautiful, talented, and privileged young lady. Especially regarding to her exceptional gift for Ballet. 
According to Tallulah's mother she was addicted to tumblr. She would spend hours and hours blogging about her alter ego as a wild cocaine-snorting drinker. Her mother saw pictures of Tallulah posted on her blog wherein she pulls her hair out of rage and doing sorts of stuff to harm herself. When she discovered her blog and saw this concerning pictures she banned her from it and contacted tumblr to bring it down. Tallulah became depressed when she lost her blog along with her 18,000 followers that she claims to "like me for who I am" she then took her life on the tracks at St. Pancras Station in October 2012. This made tumblr ban and remove pages promoting self harm or posts with triggering content. 

"Young people are more likely to move away from the negative seduction of these sites if they find real companionship and non-judgmental understanding. That is why it is so important to talk openly, to raise awareness in schools and at home, and to support families seeking help." This was written by Ms. Owen in the latter part of her article and I think this should serve an awareness for people who does not take self harming seriously. If you see someone from your school without any friends try and talk to them. They might dismiss you, yes, but at least they will know that they are not alone.

Blog post 4: Tattoos and Body Piercings a form of Self Harming?

Tattoos and Body Piercings originated from ancient tribes as a form of identification, a measurement of who's the most dominant and/or attractive and other various purposes. Nowadays it is a form of aesthetic and an art of expressing one's self. We all know that the process of body piercing and having tattoos hurt, but is it considered a form of Self Harming?

I have read this article by Ms. Tracy Alderman entitled Tattoos and Piercings: Self Injury?, this article discussed several factors that might be considered if this two said activities is a form of self harming or not. The first factor that should be considered is, Tattoos and Piercings obviously inflicts harm to one's self, however, most people don't tattoo or pierce themselves they ask for a professional's help or assistance. The second factor is getting a tattoo or a piercing is a lousy and ineffective way to kill yourself it defeats the idea that either of this behaviors would result as an attempt of suicide. Nonetheless, that is the major point of all the non-suicidal self harmers. They hurt themselves without the actual intention to kill themselves. The last factor that separates self injury from tattoos and piercings is that of pride. The majority of people who get tattoos and piercings are proud of their new decoration. It becomes a part of them self. It symbolizes bravery, art, sentimental value or even tells a story about them self. They want to show others of their ink, studs or plugs. It tells a story of pain, experience, fear, and/or love or liking. Contradictory to those people who hurt themselves.They do not tell anyone about it. They didn't want it to be known. Self harmers go to their extent to hide their scars, they create stories, accidents or wear long sleeves even in the hot weather. 

I agree with this statement Ms. Alderman have said, "Once in a while there will be cases in which piercing and/or tattoos do fit the definition of self-injury." but there are also distinctions and differences to consider whether tattoos and piercings should be proclaimed as an act to  harm one's self or not.

Furthermore, I have read this article by Mr. Christian Jarret of Reader's Digest entitled Tattoos, body piercings and self-harm - is there a link?. This article encloses the research done by German psychologists, Aglaja Stirn and Andreas Hinz, both researchers of Reader's Digest . They collaborated with the body modification magazine called Taetowiermagazin hiring 432 of their readers to answer a comprehensive questionnaire about their tattooing and piercing practices and motives. The number of participants that admitted to have harmed themselves in their childhood. That is 27%  of the participants who have joined the survey. Thus, the self harmers have reported that they had their body tattooed and/or pierced to help overcome a negative experience or simply to experience physical pain and not have the scars. They also said that their tattoos and piercings have helped them cease their self harming. 

I'd like to quote this important statement Mr. Jarrett wrote based on the research done by Stirn and Hinz, "However, because body modifications have become so common and accessible, they are also used with probably increasing frequency as a convenient means to either realise psychopathological inclinations, such as self-injury, or to overcome psychological traumas." Tattoos and piercings helped some people overcome their self harming and I think that's a good thing. It helped them express them self in a form of art at the same time freeing them from the chains of self harming. 

Blog post 3: Self Harm and Sexual Orientation

For so many articles that I have read about Self Harming there is one thing common in them. Most of the self harmers happen to be teenagers. Teenagers go through puberty and their hormones are on the run. They get hairs all over their body, their voices deepen or become high pitched, women grow breasts and men mostly get freakishly taller. They feel so unaccustomed on their new body. They feel different and misunderstood. But there must be some strong factor for most teenage self harmers that made them feel distant and disconnected to others to the point that they hurt themselves. I came to the realization of what's the most possible factor that made most teenagers sensitive and conscious about. Their sexual orientation.


Now I'm not saying that being part of the LGBT is somewhat abnormal or peculiar, but the fact is, it is a minority in this society. The factors of  a self harming teenager and being a  teenage homosexual are so alike and connected. They both feel different, isolated, and secretive. I found this article by Thadeus Baklinski entitled 52% of homosexual youth report self harming: UK study  this article explains that being a teenage homosexual increases the chances of engaging into self harming. As the title says, 52% of teenage homosexuals reported harming themselves as compared to the 12% of teenage heterosexuals who did. Mr. Baklinski also said that 44% of the LGBT youth claimed to think of killing them self as opposed to the 21% of heterosexuals who said so.

"The study concludes that inadequate social and mental health services, and a lack of acceptance and bullying, which has created "a climate of fear and hostility"," are to blame for these problems in the UK's homosexual youth." I think this is one of the most important statements in the article. We should pay more attention to the alarming percent of homosexual teenagers who self harm and not make them feel unloved and different. We should treat each and everyone equally. What was the golden rule in the bible? Love thy neighbor as yourself. It doesn't say "Love your neighbor because their 'normal'" or 'Love your heterosexual neighbor', it just says, 'Love your neighbor' that means we have to love everyone no matter what and  don't hate those people that are in the minority groups. 

I was keen to find the factors that relates self harming and sexual orientation so I find this article by Tracy Alderman entitled  The Relationship Between Self-Injury and Sexual Orientation. There are a number of factors that can be said to be related between self harming and sexual orientation but there are only 3 major relations. First, self harm begins in adolescence, also the time when sexuality or sexual orientation are being explored. Particularly those who haven't come out or unsure of their sexuality are more susceptible to self harming because they struggle to fit in and they hide their sexual orientation. The second factor is, given the first factor, they are more likely to be subjected to bullying, lower self-esteem and various types of emotional and mental abuse that may lead to harming themselves. The secrecy, isolation and inability to interact or communicate to others are also considered to be associated to self harming. The last factor is the negative body image. A number of self harmers have said that they hate their bodies. Similar to those in the LGBT community, that made a factor for the teenagers to injure themselves.

On the latter part of the article Ms. Alderman wrote this statement,"What is the relationship between self-injury and sexual orientation? The answer is not so clear. Certainly, being LGBT does not mean that one is going to self-injure, nor does being a self-injurer mean that someone is LGBT. However, it does appear that there may be good reason for the anecdotal evidence that there may be a higher proportion of self-injurers within the LGBT community. Shame, secrecy, isolation, feeling different, poor body image, low self-esteem, abuse history, poor support system, and limited coping outlets are all possible factors associated with being a member of the LGBT community. These same factors have also been shown to be linked with self-injury." It is vital for us to make teenagers feel loved and accepted no matter what their sexual orientation is. I seriously hope in the near future, teenagers can feel comfortable coming out and accepting whatever their sexual orientation is. The society needs to set its view on the LGBT because being a heterosexual is not normal it is just common. Also, why do people even  care if a boy likes another boy or a girl likes to be with another girl? What's the big deal with that? Do they hurt another person for loving a person with the same sex as theirs? 

Blog Post 2: Self Harm Websites

Have you heard of Self Harm Websites? Well probably not. Its not really quite known in the internet that's why some people call it "The Dark Side of the Internet". However, it has this hype to it nowadays and it's becoming mainstream. But What are Self Harm Websites? Self Harm websites are websites that are quite popular on people who self harm. They can be blogs, forums, groups or group chats.

Patricia and Peter Hadler, both Professors of Sociology, wrote a book called "The Tender Cut" which contains 135 in-depth life history interviews with self-injurers located all over the world also wrote this article I have read entitled The Deviance Society. This article states that there are 3 kind of Self Harm Websites: One is a website that encourages and glorifies the act of self harming and is composed of people who exchanges morbid ways or techniques on how they can harm themselves. It also gives everyone the freedom to post photos of their injured body parts. However, this self harm website is strictly only for people who has the desire to continue injuring themselves. They confront those who seek comfort and does not have the desire anymore to harm themselves and tell them that this not a site that they are looking for because it is a site for people who accepted self harming as part of their lifestyle already. As opposed to alcohol and drug addiction they reason out, self harming became an outlet for escaping their problems without the actual possibility of them hurting anyone but themselves. The second type of a self harm websites are basically just like support groups. Contradictory to the first type, they seek self harmers who wants comfort and possible friends that understands what they are going through and talk them out to stop injuring themselves. This site provides counselling and group chats for people to have interactions and have the capability to vent their feelings out so people who had overcome self harming can give them advises and find possible solutions to the roots of their problem. The third and the last type of self harm websites are the combinations of the first two types. It accepts people who self harm and people who wants to cure them self out of it. It does not judge every individual who wants to do with themselves and respect every decision they make to their bodies.

"They don't usually go to the Internet to find it; they go there after they have become attached to it." I think this is one of the most important statements Mr. and Mrs. Hadler have written on this article. It clarifies the malicious and exaggerated issue that the Internet encourages or teaches kids to self harm. The truth is, teenagers do not go to the internet and suddenly develop this crazed emotion or urge to self harm because of social trends and other various factors, Rather, they go to the internet to seek for people like them who self harm and can possibly understand what they are going through and why they are doing such a thing.

Further more, I was really intrigued by this Pro-Self Harm Websites so I researched for it more keenly. I was curious on what specific websites or forums that encourages people, specifically teenagers, to see self harming as such an acceptable and normal thing to do.
So I came to find this article entitled, Public disorders: self-harm in social media communities by Allyson Galle. There are three most known sites that are pro self harm namely LiveJournal, Pinterest and Tumblr. I was intent to know this websites and how they work so I googled their definitions and found this on the Wikipedia.

1. LiveJournal

LiveJournal is a social networking service that allows people who, share interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections to interact with each other.Its service consists of a representation of each user (often a profile), his social links, and a variety of additional services. It allows individuals to create a public profile, to create a list of users with whom to share connection, and view and cross the connections within the system. 

2. Pinterest
Pinterest is a visual discovery tool that people use to collect ideas for their different projects and interests. People create and share collections (called “boards”) of visual bookmarks (called “Pins”) that they use to do things like plan trips and                                                             projects, organize events or save articles and recipes 

3. Tumblr
 Tumblr is a microblogging platform and social networking website founded by David Karp and owned by Yahoo! Inc. The service allows users to post multimedia and other content to a short-form blog. Users can follow other users' blogs, as well as make their blogs private.Much of the website's features are accessed from the "dashboard" interface, where the option to post content and posts of followed blogs appear

I'd like to quote what Ms. Allyson said "Social media has evolved so rapidly that no one can completely keep up with its progress and direction, leaving many things open for experimentation as they happen until something sets the precedent." I quite agree with this statement because internet can not be grasped. Internet is like a dragon and you can't keep it a prisoner. All these self harm websites  share one common thing, it gives the power for self harmers to interact with fellow self harmers and express their interests, feelings, or activities together. Although, I think it is not fair to brand these websites strictly as 'Pro Self Harm Websites' because I myself run a blog in tumblr so I know a few things about its community. I can personally say that it doesn't encourage people who self harm, there are even blogs that helps people recover from depression. However, there are some parts of it that posts pictures of self inflicted injuries and it can trigger and affect people who has recovered from self harming to start hurting them self again. In my opinion, It is between the person and the internet itself. If you don't wanna see things that might trigger some of your sensitive spots then don't go in it. But never did the Internet caused anyone to self harm alone. Various factors should be considered for anyone who self harm, it can be a mental illness, depression, anxiety, stress etc. Nobody can blame the internet as a major cause of self harming.

Blog Post 1: Introduction to Self Harming

A. What is self harming? 

Everyone deals with their stress or problems differently. Some people like to listen to music, go on the computer, read a book or watch a movie. These are some of the healthy ways of coping with stress. Well to some people, dealing with stress is like trying to swim when you don't even know how. It wears them down to the point that they can't take it anymore. That's why some people succumb to the unhealthy ways of coping with stress like using illegal drugs or self harming. But, what is self harming? Self harming is an act of intentional and direct injuring of ones own body tissues most often done with suicidal attempts or intentions. It is impossible to grasp and accurately graph the number of people, most especially adolescents, who self harm. This is of course, because of the fact that teenagers has this secretive personality and they do not tell anyone what really is going on or how are they struggling to cope up with their everyday lives. 

According to this article that I have read written by Natasha Tracy entitled 10 Ways People Self Harm, Self Injure there is list of top 10 ways on how people usually do it:

1. Scratching or pinching – this act includes severely scratching or pinching with fingernails or objects to the point that bleeding occurred or marks remained on the skin. 
2. Impact with objects – this act includes banging or punching objects to the point of bruising or bleeding. 
3. Cutting – this behavior included self mutilation and most common in females.
4. Impact with oneself – this act includes banging or punching oneself to the point of bruising or bleeding.
5. Ripped skin – this way of self-mutilation includes ripping or tearing skin. 
6. Carving – this way of self-harm is when a person carves words or symbols into the skin.
7. Interfering with healing – this way of self-mutilation is often in combination with other types of self-harm.
8. Burning – burning skin is a way of self-mutilation. 
9. Rubbing objects into the skin – this type of self-harm involves the rubbing of sharp objects, such as glass, into the skin.
10. Hair-pulling – this way to self-harm is medically known as trichotillomania. In trichotillomania, a person feels compelled to pull out their own hair and in some cases even ingest that hair.

So there, the most common ways of self harming. Moreover, I want to quote what Ms. Tracy said, "Eating disorders and addiction behaviors are not typically considered methods of self-harm, but in some cases they may be if the intent of their use is specifically to cause harm to the body." I quite agree on this statement that she have indicated. In my opinion, intentionally starving yourself or abusing your own body by using illegal drugs can be considered as a way of self harming.

B. The truth behind Self Harming

People often think that people who self harm are usually "attention seekers". Apparently they are not. Those are just some ridiculous stigmas and stereotypes about them. What are the true reasons people self harm? Based on this article written by Simon Crisp entitled Explainer: what is self harm and why do people do it? Some reasons include:  Severe intellectual disability, acute psychosis, childhood history of physical or sexual abuse, and personality disorders. He also said that the main reason these people who have experience certain scenarios or born with the circumstances self harm is because it is their way of how they deal with their frustration or anger, difficulty in managing the symptoms of their trauma, having hallucinations or delusions (for people with acute psychosis) and self blame or loathing that often follows from abuse. The act of Self Harming also becomes the way or the key to release their tension or anger, to substitute emotional for physical pain, to be able to "feel something" when feeling emotionally disconnected or dissociated or sometimes to induce dissociation to avoid aversive emotion  as is common in the case of abuse or trauma.

I would like to quote what Mr. Crisp have said about the stereotypes of Self Harming, "Despite self-harm being one of the major risk factors of attempted or completed suicide, a large proportion of people who self-harm have no desire to die whatsoever. Some may even have very strident views against suicide." This pretty much breaks all the strongly built walls of stereotyped ideas about people who self harm. They do not want to die. They just wanna escape the horrible truth of their problems because they don't know how to deal with it.